Houses for sale & to rent in SW16 2DE, Madeira Road, Streatham Wells, London

House Prices in SW16 2DE, Madeira Road, Streatham Wells

Properties in SW16 2DE have an average house price of £417,375.00 and had 8 Property Transactions within the last 3 years.¹ SW16 2DE is a postcode in Madeira Road located in Streatham Wells, an area in London, Lambeth London Borough, with 60 households², where the most expensive property was sold for £925,000.00.

Properties for sale near SW16 2DE, Madeira Road

icon
Can I Buy A Property With My Credit Score? credit report & score

Be the first to know about new property listings

Save this search to be notified as soon as new listings are available.

Price Paid in Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 3 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 3 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 30/09/2023 and the sold price was £220,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 30/09/2023

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
30/09/2023 £220,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

52 FLAT A Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 52 FLAT A has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 29/09/2023 and the sold price was £475,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 29/09/2023

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
29/09/2023 £475,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
10/06/2021 £354,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 GROUND FLOOR FLAT Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 GROUND FLOOR FLAT has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 19/08/2022 and the sold price was £395,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 19/08/2022

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
19/08/2022 £395,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 1 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 25/07/2022 and the sold price was £250,000.00.

This is a Other Property which was sold as a freehold in 25/07/2022

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
25/07/2022 £250,000.00 Other Property freehold Established Building
27/09/2002 £94,950.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

64 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 64 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 08/03/2022 and the sold price was £925,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 08/03/2022

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
08/03/2022 £925,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building
30/12/1999 £220,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

62 FLAT 4 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 62 FLAT 4 has been sold 5 times. The last time it was sold was in 17/12/2021 and the sold price was £275,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 17/12/2021

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
17/12/2021 £275,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
08/11/2017 £318,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
25/06/2013 £210,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
16/02/2007 £207,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
08/06/2006 £106,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

62 FLAT 3 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 62 FLAT 3 has been sold 3 times. The last time it was sold was in 27/09/2021 and the sold price was £305,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 27/09/2021

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
27/09/2021 £305,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
09/11/2007 £207,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
16/12/2002 £130,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT B Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT B has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 27/04/2021 and the sold price was £390,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 27/04/2021

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
27/04/2021 £390,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 9 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 9 has been sold 3 times. The last time it was sold was in 12/02/2020 and the sold price was £245,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 12/02/2020

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
12/02/2020 £245,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
19/12/2014 £200,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
20/05/1997 £37,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT E Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT E has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 27/04/2018 and the sold price was £455,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 27/04/2018

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
27/04/2018 £455,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
19/09/2013 £330,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

66 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 66 has been sold 8 times. The last time it was sold was in 15/09/2017 and the sold price was £450,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 15/09/2017

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
15/09/2017 £450,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
21/06/2013 £265,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
31/07/2006 £225,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
26/11/2004 £228,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
22/02/2002 £150,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
10/12/1999 £116,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
08/08/1997 £75,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
31/05/1996 £66,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

78 FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 78 FLAT 2 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 14/07/2017 and the sold price was £525,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 14/07/2017

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
14/07/2017 £525,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
02/05/2003 £195,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

36 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 36 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 19/04/2017 and the sold price was £800,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 19/04/2017

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
19/04/2017 £800,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

78 FLAT 3 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 78 FLAT 3 has been sold 5 times. The last time it was sold was in 06/10/2015 and the sold price was £477,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 06/10/2015

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
06/10/2015 £477,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
30/05/2013 £335,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
31/05/2012 £215,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
27/02/2012 £142,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
12/11/1997 £50,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

62 FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 62 FLAT 1 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 18/09/2015 and the sold price was £495,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 18/09/2015

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
18/09/2015 £495,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 6 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 6 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 04/09/2015 and the sold price was £252,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 04/09/2015

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
04/09/2015 £252,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

40 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 40 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 20/08/2015 and the sold price was £920,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 20/08/2015

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
20/08/2015 £920,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

42 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 42 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 27/09/2013 and the sold price was £720,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 27/09/2013

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
27/09/2013 £720,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building
21/09/2012 £500,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 2 has been sold 3 times. The last time it was sold was in 11/09/2013 and the sold price was £150,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 11/09/2013

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
11/09/2013 £150,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
12/09/2005 £137,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
07/01/1999 £45,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

80C Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 80C has been sold 4 times. The last time it was sold was in 31/05/2013 and the sold price was £287,500.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 31/05/2013

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
31/05/2013 £287,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
07/12/2007 £233,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
01/09/1997 £65,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
23/05/1997 £42,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

50 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 50 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 30/07/2012 and the sold price was £500,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 30/07/2012

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
30/07/2012 £500,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

56 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 56 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 13/04/2012 and the sold price was £470,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 13/04/2012

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
13/04/2012 £470,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

80D Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 80D has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 04/06/2010 and the sold price was £210,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 04/06/2010

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
04/06/2010 £210,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
03/11/2003 £158,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

76 FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 76 FLAT 1 has been sold 3 times. The last time it was sold was in 06/06/2008 and the sold price was £240,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 06/06/2008

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
06/06/2008 £240,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
19/11/2004 £169,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
14/07/1999 £65,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

80E Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 80E has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 01/05/2008 and the sold price was £250,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 01/05/2008

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
01/05/2008 £250,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
17/06/1998 £60,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

62 FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 62 FLAT 2 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 30/01/2008 and the sold price was £112,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 30/01/2008

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
30/01/2008 £112,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
19/04/2002 £50,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

60 FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 60 FLAT 1 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 16/11/2006 and the sold price was £215,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 16/11/2006

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
16/11/2006 £215,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
29/07/1999 £60,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

58 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 58 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 20/10/2006 and the sold price was £249,999.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 20/10/2006

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
20/10/2006 £249,999.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
29/08/1997 £72,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

80B Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 80B has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 29/08/2006 and the sold price was £187,500.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 29/08/2006

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
29/08/2006 £187,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
23/06/2000 £135,000.00 Detached House leasehold Established Building

54 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 54 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 08/07/2006 and the sold price was £250,000.00.

This is a Terraced House which was sold as a freehold in 08/07/2006

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
08/07/2006 £250,000.00 Terraced House freehold Established Building

76 FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 76 FLAT 2 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 30/11/2005 and the sold price was £160,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 30/11/2005

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
30/11/2005 £160,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

72 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 72 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 03/08/2005 and the sold price was £317,500.00.

This is a Terraced House which was sold as a freehold in 03/08/2005

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
03/08/2005 £317,500.00 Terraced House freehold Established Building

80 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 80 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 01/07/2005 and the sold price was £154,500.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 01/07/2005

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
01/07/2005 £154,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
21/02/2000 £78,950.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

74 FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 74 FLAT 1 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 23/07/2004 and the sold price was £173,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 23/07/2004

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
23/07/2004 £173,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

74 FLAT 3 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 74 FLAT 3 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 23/04/2004 and the sold price was £143,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 23/04/2004

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
23/04/2004 £143,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
22/04/2002 £85,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

60 FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 60 FLAT 2 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 17/01/2003 and the sold price was £66,500.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 17/01/2003

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
17/01/2003 £66,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

70 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 70 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 29/10/2002 and the sold price was £250,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 29/10/2002

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
29/10/2002 £250,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT A Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property MELROSE MANSIONS, 80 FLAT A has been sold 3 times. The last time it was sold was in 25/10/2002 and the sold price was £149,950.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 25/10/2002

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
25/10/2002 £149,950.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
12/06/2000 £107,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
01/04/1996 £47,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

74 FLAT 2 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 74 FLAT 2 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 05/04/2002 and the sold price was £49,950.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 05/04/2002

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
05/04/2002 £49,950.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

82 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 82 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 15/10/2001 and the sold price was £380,000.00.

This is a Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 15/10/2001

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
15/10/2001 £380,000.00 Detached House freehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 7 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 7 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 21/12/1999 and the sold price was £67,500.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 21/12/1999

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
21/12/1999 £67,500.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

60 FLAT 3 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 60 FLAT 3 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 30/06/1999 and the sold price was £69,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 30/06/1999

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
30/06/1999 £69,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
11/10/1996 £30,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

78 FLAT 2A Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 78 FLAT 2A has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 23/10/1998 and the sold price was £64,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 23/10/1998

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
23/10/1998 £64,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 5 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 5 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 26/06/1998 and the sold price was £34,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 26/06/1998

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
26/06/1998 £34,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

78 FLAT 4 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 78 FLAT 4 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 29/05/1998 and the sold price was £42,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 29/05/1998

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
29/05/1998 £42,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 4 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property BRAY COURT, 80A FLAT 4 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 11/09/1997 and the sold price was £42,200.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 11/09/1997

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
11/09/1997 £42,200.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
04/08/1995 £34,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

34 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 34 has been sold 2 times. The last time it was sold was in 31/07/1997 and the sold price was £73,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 31/07/1997

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
31/07/1997 £73,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building
12/01/1996 £58,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

60 FLAT 4 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 60 FLAT 4 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 14/11/1996 and the sold price was £20,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 14/11/1996

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
14/11/1996 £20,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

78 FLAT 1 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 78 FLAT 1 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 10/05/1996 and the sold price was £50,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 10/05/1996

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
10/05/1996 £50,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

48 UPPER MAISONETTE AT Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 48 UPPER MAISONETTE AT has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 03/08/1995 and the sold price was £45,000.00.

This is a Flat which was sold as a leasehold in 03/08/1995

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
03/08/1995 £45,000.00 Flat leasehold Established Building

44 Madeira Road, SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells London

Property 44 has been sold 1 time. The last time it was sold was in 24/02/1995 and the sold price was £120,000.00.

This is a Semi Detached House which was sold as a freehold in 24/02/1995

Date Price Property Type Tenure New Build
24/02/1995 £120,000.00 Semi Detached House freehold Established Building

Postcodes in Madeira Road, Streatham Wells

Navigate through other locations in Madeira Road, Streatham Wells, London to see more property listings for sale or to rent.

Transport near SW16 2DE, Madeira Road

House price paid reports for SW16 2DE, Madeira Road

Click on the buttons below to see price paid reports by year or property price:

  • Price Paid By Year
  • Property Type Price

Property Price Paid in SW16 2DE, Madeira Road by Year

The average sold property price by year was:

Year Average Sold Price Price Change
Sold Properties icon
2023 £347,500
icon
-90%
 2 Properties
2022 £660,000
icon
50%
 2 Properties
2021 £331,000
icon
26%
 4 Properties
2020 £245,000
icon
-86%
 1 Property
2018 £455,000
icon
-15%
 1 Property
2017 £523,250
icon
-2%
 4 Properties
2015 £536,000
icon
63%
 4 Properties
2014 £200,000
icon
-64%
 1 Property
2013 £328,214
icon
-11%
 7 Properties
2012 £365,400
icon
43%
 5 Properties
2010 £210,000
icon
4%
 1 Property
2008 £200,666
icon
-8%
 3 Properties
2007 £215,833
icon
5%
 3 Properties
2006 £205,666
icon
7%
 6 Properties
2005 £192,250
icon
7%
 4 Properties
2004 £178,250
icon
22%
 4 Properties
2003 £139,833
icon
14%
 3 Properties
2002 £119,981
icon
-217%
 8 Properties
2001 £380,000
icon
72%
 1 Property
2000 £106,983
icon
14%
 3 Properties
1999 £91,928
icon
45%
 7 Properties
1998 £50,125
icon
-14%
 4 Properties
1997 £57,212
icon
21%
 8 Properties
1996 £45,166
icon
-47%
 6 Properties
1995 £66,333
-
 3 Properties
Source: Land Registry

Property Price per Property Type in SW16 2DE, Madeira Road

Here you can find historic sold price data in order to help with your property search.

The average Property Paid Price for specific property types in the last three years are:

Property Type Average Sold Price Sold Properties
Semi Detached House £925,000.00 1 Semi Detached House
Flat £344,857.00 7 Flats
Source: Land Registry
icon
icon
icon
icon
icon
icon

Near SW16 2DE

Near Streatham Wells

SW16

Related Searches

Looking to buy in SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells?

If you are looking to buy in SW16 2DE, Streatham Wells please refer to the location pages and historic house price data. You can also find property listing information in this area.